Instruction-following LLMs have recently allowed systems to discover hidden concepts from a collection of unstructured documents based on a natural language description of the purpose of the discovery (i.e., goal). Still, the quality of the discovered concepts remains mixed, as it depends heavily on LLM's reasoning ability and drops when the data is noisy or beyond LLM's knowledge. We present Instruct-LF, a goal-oriented latent factor discovery system that integrates LLM's instruction-following ability with statistical models to handle large, noisy datasets where LLM reasoning alone falls short. Instruct-LF uses LLMs to propose fine-grained, goal-related properties from documents, estimates their presence across the dataset, and applies gradient-based optimization to uncover hidden factors, where each factor is represented by a cluster of co-occurring properties. We evaluate latent factors produced by Instruct-LF on movie recommendation, text-world navigation, and legal document categorization tasks. These interpretable representations improve downstream task performance by 5-52% than the best baselines and were preferred 1.8 times as often as the best alternative, on average, in human evaluation.

Students interactions while solving problems in learning environments (i.e. log data) are often used to support students learning. For example, researchers use log data to develop systems that can provide students with personalized problem recommendations based on their knowledge level. However, anomalies in the students log data, such as cheating to solve programming problems, could introduce a hidden bias in the log data. As a result, these systems may provide inaccurate problem recommendations, and therefore, defeat their purpose. Classical cheating detection methods, such as MOSS, can be used to detect code plagiarism. However, these methods cannot detect other abnormal events such as a student gaming a system with multiple attempts of similar solutions to a particular programming problem. This paper presents a preliminary study to analyze log data with anomalies. The goal of our work is to overcome the abnormal instances when modeling personalizable recommendations in programming learning environments.

Text-to-image generation systems have emerged as revolutionary tools in the realm of artistic creation, offering unprecedented ease in transforming textual prompts into visual art. However, the efficacy of these systems is intricately linked to the quality of user-provided prompts, which often poses a challenge to users unfamiliar with prompt crafting. This paper addresses this challenge by leveraging user reformulation data from interaction logs to develop an automatic prompt reformulation model. Our in-depth analysis of these logs reveals that user prompt reformulation is heavily dependent on the individual user's capability, resulting in significant variance in the quality of reformulation pairs. To effectively use this data for training, we introduce the Capability-aware Prompt Reformulation (CAPR) framework. CAPR innovatively integrates user capability into the reformulation process through two key components: the Conditional Reformulation Model (CRM) and Configurable Capability Features (CCF). CRM reformulates prompts according to a specified user capability, as represented by CCF. The CCF, in turn, offers the flexibility to tune and guide the CRM's behavior. This enables CAPR to effectively learn diverse reformulation strategies across various user capacities and to simulate high-capability user reformulation during inference. Extensive experiments on standard text-to-image generation benchmarks showcase CAPR's superior performance over existing baselines and its remarkable robustness on unseen systems. Furthermore, comprehensive analyses validate the effectiveness of different components. CAPR can facilitate user-friendly interaction with text-to-image systems and make advanced artistic creation more achievable for a broader range of users.

Modern software systems are able to record vast amounts of user actions, stored for later analysis. One of the main types of such user interaction data is click data: the digital trace of the actions of a user through the graphical elements of an application, website or software. While readily available, click data is often missing a case notion: an attribute linking events from user interactions to a specific process instance in the software. In this paper, we propose a neural network-based technique to determine a case notion for click data, thus enabling process mining and other process analysis techniques on user interaction data. We describe our method, show its scalability to datasets of large dimensions, and we validate its efficacy through a user study based on the segmented event log resulting from interaction data of a mobility sharing company. Interviews with domain experts in the company demonstrate that the case notion obtained by our method can lead to actionable process insights.

Abstract-- The visual analytics community has proposed several user modeling algorithms to capture and analyze users' interaction behavior in order to assist users in data exploration and insight generation. For example, some can detect exploration biases while others can predict data points that the user will interact with before that interaction occurs. Researchers believe this collection of algorithms can help create more intelligent visual analytics tools. However, the community lacks a rigorous evaluation and comparison of these existing techniques. As a result, there is limited guidance on which method to use and when. Our paper seeks to fill in this missing gap by comparing and ranking eight user modeling algorithms based on their performance on a diverse set of four user study datasets. We analyze exploration bias detection, data interaction prediction, and algorithmic complexity, among other measures. Based on our findings, we highlight open challenges and new directions for analyzing user interactions and visualization provenance. After surveying the body of work, we selected seven proposed Researchers in the visualization community have long viewed interaction techniques and standardized their input and output specifications to as an analytic discourse between the analyst and the visualization account for a variety of datasets. In addition to the selected models, system [40].